History of Civil Engineering

Civil engineering can be defined as the applied physical and scientific principles, and its history is very much closely linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematicians throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structure, materials science, geography, geology, soils, hydrology, environment, ,mechanics and other fields.

     Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental.

     One of the oldest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archemedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes Screw .